Lithocholic acid

(4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid

Formula: C24H40O3 (376.2977)
Chinese Name: 石胆酸
BioDeep ID: BioDeep_00000003608 ( View LC/MS Profile)
SMILES: C1[C@]2(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C)CCC(O)=O)CC[C@@]4([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]2([H])C[C@H](O)C1



Found 57 Sample Hits

m/z Adducts Species Organ Scanning Sample
377.3057 [M+H]+
PPM:1.8
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito03_17 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 208x108

Description

1 male adult wild-type rat was obtained from Inserm U1085 - Irset Research Institute (University of Rennes1, France). Animals were age 60 days and were reared under ad-lib conditions. Care and handling of all animals complied with EU directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The whole epididymis was excised from each animal immediately post-mortem, loosely wrapped rapidly in an aluminum foil and a 2.5% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution was poured to embed the epididymis to preserve their morphology. To remove air bubbles, the filled aluminum molds was gently freezed by depositing it on isopentane or dry ice, then on the nitrogen vapors and finally by progressively dipping the CMC/sample coated with aluminum foil into liquid nitrogen (or only flush with liquid nitrogen). Frozen tissues were stored at -80 °C until use to avoid degradation.

394.3265 [M+NH4]+
PPM:12.8
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito03_17 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 208x108

Description

1 male adult wild-type rat was obtained from Inserm U1085 - Irset Research Institute (University of Rennes1, France). Animals were age 60 days and were reared under ad-lib conditions. Care and handling of all animals complied with EU directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The whole epididymis was excised from each animal immediately post-mortem, loosely wrapped rapidly in an aluminum foil and a 2.5% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution was poured to embed the epididymis to preserve their morphology. To remove air bubbles, the filled aluminum molds was gently freezed by depositing it on isopentane or dry ice, then on the nitrogen vapors and finally by progressively dipping the CMC/sample coated with aluminum foil into liquid nitrogen (or only flush with liquid nitrogen). Frozen tissues were stored at -80 °C until use to avoid degradation.

399.2801 [M+Na]+
PPM:17.2
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito03_17 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 208x108

Description

1 male adult wild-type rat was obtained from Inserm U1085 - Irset Research Institute (University of Rennes1, France). Animals were age 60 days and were reared under ad-lib conditions. Care and handling of all animals complied with EU directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The whole epididymis was excised from each animal immediately post-mortem, loosely wrapped rapidly in an aluminum foil and a 2.5% (w/v) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution was poured to embed the epididymis to preserve their morphology. To remove air bubbles, the filled aluminum molds was gently freezed by depositing it on isopentane or dry ice, then on the nitrogen vapors and finally by progressively dipping the CMC/sample coated with aluminum foil into liquid nitrogen (or only flush with liquid nitrogen). Frozen tissues were stored at -80 °C until use to avoid degradation.

394.3279 [M+NH4]+
PPM:9.3
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito03_18 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 208x104

Description

399.2809 [M+Na]+
PPM:15.2
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito03_18 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 208x104

Description

394.3278 [M+NH4]+
PPM:9.5
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_43 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 298x106

Description

399.281 [M+Na]+
PPM:14.9
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_43 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 298x106

Description

394.3279 [M+NH4]+
PPM:9.3
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_44 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 299x111

Description

399.2811 [M+Na]+
PPM:14.7
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_44 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 299x111

Description

394.3292 [M+NH4]+
PPM:6
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_46 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 298x106

Description

399.2811 [M+Na]+
PPM:14.7
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_46 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 298x106

Description

377.3057 [M+H]+
PPM:1.8
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_47 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 301x111

Description

394.3271 [M+NH4]+
PPM:11.3
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_47 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 301x111

Description

399.281 [M+Na]+
PPM:14.9
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_47 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 301x111

Description

377.3061 [M+H]+
PPM:2.9
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_48 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 294x107

Description

394.3286 [M+NH4]+
PPM:7.5
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_48 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 294x107

Description

399.2815 [M+Na]+
PPM:13.6
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito08_48 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 294x107

Description

377.306 [M+H]+
PPM:2.6
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_04 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 178x91

Description

394.328 [M+NH4]+
PPM:9
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_04 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 178x91

Description

399.2812 [M+Na]+
PPM:14.4
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_04 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 178x91

Description

377.3061 [M+H]+
PPM:2.9
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_03 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 159x110

Description

394.3294 [M+NH4]+
PPM:5.5
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_03 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 159x110

Description

399.2802 [M+Na]+
PPM:16.9
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_03 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 159x110

Description

377.3059 [M+H]+
PPM:2.4
Rattus norvegicus normal MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_05 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 183x105

Description

394.3271 [M+NH4]+
PPM:11.3
Rattus norvegicus normal MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_05 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 183x105

Description

399.2807 [M+Na]+
PPM:15.7
Rattus norvegicus normal MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_05 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 183x105

Description

394.3281 [M+NH4]+
PPM:8.8
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_06 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 183x103

Description

399.2838 [M+Na]+
PPM:7.9
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito01_06 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 183x103

Description

394.327 [M+NH4]+
PPM:11.5
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito03_14 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 205x103

Description

399.2805 [M+Na]+
PPM:16.2
Rattus norvegicus Epididymis MALDI (DHB)
epik_dhb_head_ito03_14 - MTBLS58
Resolution: 17μm, 205x103

Description

399.2792 [M+Na]+
PPM:19.4
Macropus giganteus Brain MALDI (BPYN)
170321_kangaroobrain-dan3-pos_maxof50.0_med1 - 170321_kangaroobrain-dan3-pos_maxof50.0_med1
Resolution: 50μm, 81x50

Description

Sample information Organism: Macropus giganteus (kangaroo) Organism part: Brain Condition: Wildtype Sample growth conditions: Wild

359.2962 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:4.9
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_1_3 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 121x68

Description

359.2945 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:0.2
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_1_4 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 17μm, 82x80

Description

399.2795 [M+Na]+
PPM:18.7
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_1_4 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 17μm, 82x80

Description

376.2975 [M]+
PPM:0.8
Mus musculus Liver MALDI (CHCA)
Salmonella_final_pos_recal - MTBLS2671
Resolution: 17μm, 691x430

Description

A more complete and holistic view on host–microbe interactions is needed to understand the physiological and cellular barriers that affect the efficacy of drug treatments and allow the discovery and development of new therapeutics. Here, we developed a multimodal imaging approach combining histopathology with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and same section imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to study the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in the liver of a mouse model using the S. Typhimurium strains SL3261 and SL1344. This approach enables correlation of tissue morphology and specific cell phenotypes with molecular images of tissue metabolism. IMC revealed a marked increase in immune cell markers and localization in immune aggregates in infected tissues. A correlative computational method (network analysis) was deployed to find metabolic features associated with infection and revealed metabolic clusters of acetyl carnitines, as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species, which could be associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell types. By developing an IMC marker for the detection of Salmonella LPS, we were further able to identify and characterize those cell types which contained S. Typhimurium. [dataset] Nicole Strittmatter. Holistic Characterization of a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Model Using Integrated Molecular Imaging, metabolights_dataset, V1; 2022. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS2671.

359.2967 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:6.3
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_1_9 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 89x74

Description

399.2874 [M+Na]+
PPM:1.1
Mus musculus Liver MALDI (CHCA)
Salmonella_final_pos_recal - MTBLS2671
Resolution: 17μm, 691x430

Description

A more complete and holistic view on host–microbe interactions is needed to understand the physiological and cellular barriers that affect the efficacy of drug treatments and allow the discovery and development of new therapeutics. Here, we developed a multimodal imaging approach combining histopathology with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and same section imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to study the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in the liver of a mouse model using the S. Typhimurium strains SL3261 and SL1344. This approach enables correlation of tissue morphology and specific cell phenotypes with molecular images of tissue metabolism. IMC revealed a marked increase in immune cell markers and localization in immune aggregates in infected tissues. A correlative computational method (network analysis) was deployed to find metabolic features associated with infection and revealed metabolic clusters of acetyl carnitines, as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species, which could be associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell types. By developing an IMC marker for the detection of Salmonella LPS, we were further able to identify and characterize those cell types which contained S. Typhimurium. [dataset] Nicole Strittmatter. Holistic Characterization of a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Model Using Integrated Molecular Imaging, metabolights_dataset, V1; 2022. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS2671.

359.2936 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:2.3
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
80TopL, 50TopR, 70BottomL, 60BottomR-profile - MTBLS415
Resolution: 17μm, 137x136

Description

The human colorectal adenocarcinoma sample was excised during a surgical operation performed at the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. The sample and procedures were carried out in accordance with ethical approval (14/EE/0024).

376.2923 [M]+
PPM:13
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
80TopL, 50TopR, 70BottomL, 60BottomR-profile - MTBLS415
Resolution: 17μm, 137x136

Description

The human colorectal adenocarcinoma sample was excised during a surgical operation performed at the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. The sample and procedures were carried out in accordance with ethical approval (14/EE/0024).

359.2925 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:5.4
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
520TopL, 490TopR, 510BottomL, 500BottomR-profile - MTBLS415
Resolution: 17μm, 147x131

Description

The human colorectal adenocarcinoma sample was excised during a surgical operation performed at the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. The sample and procedures were carried out in accordance with ethical approval (14/EE/0024).

359.2992 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:13.2
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
439TopL, 409TopR, 429BottomL, 419BottomR-profile - MTBLS415
Resolution: 17μm, 157x136

Description

The human colorectal adenocarcinoma sample was excised during a surgical operation performed at the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. The sample and procedures were carried out in accordance with ethical approval (14/EE/0024).

359.2983 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:10.7
Homo sapiens NA DESI ()
160TopL,130TopR,150BottomL,140BottomR-profile - MTBLS415
Resolution: 17μm, 142x136

Description

359.2962 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:4.9
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO26_7_1 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 17μm, 75x74

Description

359.2968 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:6.6
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO26_7_2 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 17μm, 135x101

Description

359.2961 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:4.6
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO26_7_3 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 82x88

Description

359.2956 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:3.2
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
TO41T - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 69x43

Description

359.2965 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:5.7
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_1_5 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 135x94

Description

359.2963 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:5.2
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_1_7 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 69x54

Description

359.2961 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:4.6
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_1_8 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 69x61

Description

359.2964 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:5.5
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO22_2_2 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 135x94

Description

359.2963 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:5.2
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO26_16_1 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 95x88

Description

359.2955 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:2.9
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO29_18_2 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 62x68

Description

359.2956 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:3.2
Homo sapiens esophagus DESI ()
LNTO30_7_2 - MTBLS385
Resolution: 75μm, 82x68

Description

359.2954 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:2.7
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
240TopL, 210TopR, 230BottomL, 220BottomR-centroid - MTBLS176
Resolution: 50μm, 142x141

Description

359.2957 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:3.5
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
200TopL, 170TopR, 190BottomL, 180BottomR-centroid - MTBLS176
Resolution: 50μm, 132x126

Description

359.2953 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:2.4
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
160TopL,130TopR,150BottomL,140BottomR-centroid - MTBLS176
Resolution: 50μm, 142x136

Description

359.2956 [M+H-H2O]+
PPM:3.2
Homo sapiens colorectal adenocarcinoma DESI ()
120TopL, 90TopR, 110BottomL, 100BottomR-centroid - MTBLS176
Resolution: 50μm, 132x136

Description


Lithocholic acid, also known as 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid or LCA, is a secondary bile acid. It is formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action and is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute and depends only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135). When present in sufficiently high levels, lithocholic acid can act as an oncometabolite. An oncometabolite is a compound that when present at chronically high levels promotes tumour growth and survival. Chronically high levels of lithocholic acid are associated with several forms of cancer including colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, and many other GI cancers. High bile acid levels lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, disruption of the cell membrane and mitochondria, induction of DNA damage, mutation and apoptosis, and the development of reduced apoptosis capability upon chronic exposure (PMID: 24884764). Dietary fibre can bind to lithocholic acid and aid in its excretion in stool. As such, fibre can protect against colon cancer. CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5396; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5394 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5371; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5368 CONFIDENCE standard compound; INTERNAL_ID 1308; DATASET 20200303_ENTACT_RP_MIX504; DATA_PROCESSING MERGING RMBmix ver. 0.2.7; DATA_PROCESSING PRESCREENING Shinyscreen ver. 0.8.0; ORIGINAL_ACQUISITION_NO 5386; ORIGINAL_PRECURSOR_SCAN_NO 5384 A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic. [Analytical] Sample of 1 micorL methanol solution was flow injected. D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D001647 - Bile Acids and Salts D005765 - Gastrointestinal Agents > D002793 - Cholic Acids D013501 - Surface-Active Agents > D003902 - Detergents Lithocholic acid is a toxic secondary bile acid that can promote intrahepatic cholestasis and promote tumorigenesis.