MSI_000032239

gamma-Glutamylvaline is a dipeptide composed of gamma-glutamate and valine. It is an incomplete breakdown product of protein digestion or protein catabolism. Some dipeptides are known to have physiological or cell-signaling effects although most are simply short-lived intermediates on their way to specific amino acid degradation pathways following further proteolysis. gamma-Glutamylvaline belongs to the family of N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. It is found in urine (PMID: 3782411). γ-Glutamylvaline is an activator of CaSR with anti-inflammatory activity. γ-Glutamylvaline inhibits TNF-α-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and increases Wnt5a expression. γ-Glutamylvaline activates calcium-sensing receptor pathways in adipocytes of 3T3-L1 mice and prevents low-grade chronic inflammation[1].