3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine

Found 9 Sample Hits

m/z	Adducts	Species	Organ	Scanning	Sample
248.1495	[M+H]+ PPM:1	Marker Pen	NA	DESI (None)	3ul_0.8Mpa_RAW_20241016-PAPER PNMK - MEMI_test Resolution: 30μm, 315x42 Description By writing the four English letters “PNMK” on white paper with a marker pen, and then scanning with a DESI ion source to obtain the scanning result. The signal of the chemical substances on the marker pen used appears on the channel with an m/z value of 322.1918, 323.1953, 546.4010, and etc, from the single cell deconvolution sampling layer class_4. This test data was tested by chuxiaoping from PANOMIX’s R&D laboratory.
247.165	[M-H2O+NH4]+ PPM:0.9	Macropus giganteus	Brain	MALDI (BPYN)	170321_kangaroobrain-dan3-pos_maxof50.0_med1 - 170321_kangaroobrain-dan3-pos_maxof50.0_med1 Resolution: 50μm, 81x50 Description Sample information Organism: Macropus giganteus (kangaroo) Organism part: Brain Condition: Wildtype Sample growth conditions: Wild
248.1494	[M+H]+ PPM:0.6	Mus musculus	Liver	MALDI (CHCA)	Salmonella_final_pos_recal - MTBLS2671 Resolution: 17μm, 691x430 Description A more complete and holistic view on host–microbe interactions is needed to understand the physiological and cellular barriers that affect the efficacy of drug treatments and allow the discovery and development of new therapeutics. Here, we developed a multimodal imaging approach combining histopathology with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and same section imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to study the effects of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in the liver of a mouse model using the S. Typhimurium strains SL3261 and SL1344. This approach enables correlation of tissue morphology and specific cell phenotypes with molecular images of tissue metabolism. IMC revealed a marked increase in immune cell markers and localization in immune aggregates in infected tissues. A correlative computational method (network analysis) was deployed to find metabolic features associated with infection and revealed metabolic clusters of acetyl carnitines, as well as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen species, which could be associated with pro-inflammatory immune cell types. By developing an IMC marker for the detection of Salmonella LPS, we were further able to identify and characterize those cell types which contained S. Typhimurium. [dataset] Nicole Strittmatter. Holistic Characterization of a Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Model Using Integrated Molecular Imaging, metabolights_dataset, V1; 2022. https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS2671.
247.1678	[M-H2O+NH4]+ PPM:10.4	Mus musculus	brain	MALDI (DHB)	Brain01_Bregma-3-88b_centroid - MTBLS313 Resolution: 17μm, 265x320 Description
247.1695	[M-H2O+NH4]+ PPM:17.3	Mus musculus	brain	MALDI (DHB)	Brain01_Bregma1-42_02_centroid - MTBLS313 Resolution: 17μm, 434x258 Description
247.1691	[M-H2O+NH4]+ PPM:15.7	Mus musculus	brain	MALDI (DHB)	Brain01_Bregma1-42_01_centroid - MTBLS313 Resolution: 17μm, 447x118 Description
247.167	[M-H2O+NH4]+ PPM:7.2	Mus musculus	brain	MALDI (DHB)	Brain02_Bregma1-42_03 - MTBLS313 Resolution: 17μm, 483x403 Description
247.1668	[M-H2O+NH4]+ PPM:6.4	Mus musculus	brain	MALDI (DHB)	Brain02_Bregma-3-88 - MTBLS313 Resolution: 17μm, 288x282 Description
247.1669	[M-H2O+NH4]+ PPM:6.8	Mus musculus	brain	MALDI (DHB)	Brain02_Bregma-1-46 - MTBLS313 Resolution: 17μm, 294x399 Description

3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine. More specifically, it is an 3-hydroxybutyric acid ester of carnitine. Acylcarnitines were first discovered more than 70 year ago (PMID: 13825279). It is believed that there are more than 1000 types of acylcarnitines in the human body. The general role of acylcarnitines is to transport acyl-groups (organic acids and fatty acids) from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria so that they can be broken down to produce energy.  This process is known as beta-oxidation. According to a recent review [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews], acylcarnitines (ACs) can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the type and size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain ACs; 2) medium-chain ACs; 3) long-chain ACs; 4) very long-chain ACs; 5) hydroxy ACs; 6) branched chain ACs; 7) unsaturated ACs; 8) dicarboxylic ACs and 9) miscellaneous ACs. Short-chain ACs have acyl-groups with two to five carbons (C2-C5), medium-chain ACs have acyl-groups with six to thirteen carbons (C6-C13), long-chain ACs have acyl-groups with fourteen to twenty once carbons (C14-C21) and very long-chain ACs have acyl groups with more than 22 carbons. 3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is therefore classified as a short chain AC. As a short-chain acylcarnitine 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is a member of the most abundant group of carnitines in the body, comprising more than 50\\% of all acylcarnitines quantified in tissues and biofluids (PMID: 31920980). Some short-chain carnitines have been studied as supplements or treatments for a number of diseases, including neurological disorders and inborn errors of metabolism. In particular 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is elevated in the blood or plasma of individuals with short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (PMID: 11489939, PMID: 15870679), prediabetes (PMID: 28505362), T2DM (PMID: 28505362), metallosis (PMID: 30271721), mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coa thiolase deficiency (PMID: 20157782), and heart failure (PMID: 25881932). It is also decreased in the blood or plasma of individuals with psoriasis (PMID: 33391503). 3-Hydroxybutyrylcarnitine is elevated in the urine of individuals with renal cell carcinoma (PMID: 29658093). Carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT, EC:2.3.1.7) is responsible for the synthesis of all short-chain and short branched-chain acylcarnitines (PMID: 23485643). The study of acylcarnitines is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acylcarnitines will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered. An excellent review of the current state of knowledge for acylcarnitines is available at [Dambrova et al. 2021, Physiological Reviews].